However, time-space convergence can not be considered a linear process because, not all the people experience it to the same extent (rural and urban differences) and some places have attempted to avoid globalisation – in North Korea, media access is restricted and Internet usage is prohibited.

by e-mail, Whatsapp, Facebook and similar platforms. the development of the telegraph first broke this link, and in the current age communication is instantaneous – e.g. For example, before the development of electricity in the 19th century, information could only move as fast as its transport medium. In the 1700’s, a three-mast frigate ship need 2 years to circumnavigate the world, whereas in 2015 one needed only 24 hours.Īdditionally, time and space have converged by the advancements of communication systems. Harvey developed the ideas presented by Janelle, and he suggested that time.space convergence would allow ‘ global economic empire builders’ (TNC’s) to search for new markets and profits.įurther evidence to support the concept of time-space convergence can be obtained from analysing the time taken to circumnavigate the globe. Therefore, Janelle concluded that the two cities had converged at an average rate of 30 minutes per year over a period of 200 years. For example, the two-week stage-coach journey from Edinburgh to London was ultimately superseded by an air travel lasting barely two hours (in 1958). He collected data starting from the industrial revolution and found out how time-space convergence generates the perception of the feel close together effect. Janelle calculated time-space convergence by plotting in travel time between Edinburgh and London. The perceived shrinkage of time and space has been described as time-space convergence by Janelle in 1968 and as time-space compression by Harvey in 1990. In other words, virtual shrinkage – the physical reduction of time taken to travel between two places as a result of improved transport and heightened connectivity have encourages faster movement of people, goods, capital and information. Time-space convergence is the change in the perception of time and distance and the virtual erosion of geographical barriers due to improvements in transport and communication technology in recent times. Read the following introductory overview of time-space convergence and summarise the main ideas using Q/E/C note-taking strategies, which allow you to conveniently study from your notes.

Examine the contrasting rates, levels and patterns of adoption of an element of ICT in two countries.

Describe the role of information and communications technology (ICT) in civil society and the transmission and flow of images, ideas, information and finance.

Examine the changes in a transport, internet or telecommunications network in terms of the extension of links and nodes and the intensity of use at a national or global scale.

Examine the relative changes in the speed and capacity of two types of transport (air, ocean, road, rail, pipeline) responsible for the flow of goods, materials and people.

Explain how a reduction in the friction of distance results in time–space convergence.

Word for space in time